Congenital and Acquired Hearing Loss | Congenital vs Acquired Hearing Loss : An Overview - ASLPclick

 

Congenital  and  acquired  hearing  loss

Ø Congenital Hearing Loss –

-      About 1 in 1,000 babies are born with some degree of hearing loss. Congenital hearing loss may be due to either genetic factors that occurred before, during or just after the baby was born.

-      Congenital hearing loss means that hearing loss is present at birth.

-      There is no cure of congenital hearing loss, early detection & treatment can help prevent speech & language delay.

·       Causes of Congenital Hearing Loss –

-      Genetic causes

-      Syndromic causes

-      Infection, such as Rubella or Herps Simplex Virus

-      Premature birth

-      Low birth weight

-      Maternal diabetes

-      Jaundice & Rh factor

-      High blood pressure while pregnant (pre-eclampsia)

-      Lack of oxygen (Anoxia)

-      Drugs & alcohol use while pregnant

·       Symptoms of Congenital Hearing loss –

-      Many children get their hearing tested with a hearing screening when they are born. This screening will identify many congenital hearing losses.

-      It is difficult to identify a gearing loss among babies & toddlers, especially if the hearing loss is relatively mild

·       Treatment of Congenital Hearing Loss –

-      The treatment of a congenital hearing loss depends on the causes of herring loss. Some of types of conductive hearing loss can be treated or partially treated with an operation.

-      But most of the cases of congenital hearing loss are treated with –

- Hearing Aid

- Bone Conductive Devices

- Cochlear Implant

 

·       Factors –

-      Congenital hearing loss might be attributed to environmental & prenatal factors, which prevail in low-income settings, congenital infections, particularly Cytomegalo Viru are also common risk factors for hearing loss.

- Environmental factor

- Organic & non-organic factors

- Genetic & non-genetic factors

- Idiopathic factors

ØØAcquired  Hearing  Loss –

-      Acquired hearing loss is a hearing loss which appears after the birth at any time one’s life perhaps as a result of a disorder, a condition or an injury.

-      Children can develop a hearing loss anytime, after birth. This can be due to illness, such as meningitis, medication affects, infection or injury.

-      If child develops a hearing loss after the birth they have learned to talk, the hearing loss may be referred to as a post-lingual hearing loss

·       Causes of Acquired Hearing Loss –

-      Genetic

-      Ear infections (otitis media, otitis extrema etc.)

-      Otosclerosis

-      Eustachian tube dysfunction

-      Tympanic membrane perforation

-      Meningitis

-      Mumps

-      Tumor

-      Head injury / Trauma

-      Noise exposure

·       Symptoms of Acquired Heading Loss –

-      Localization & laterization problems

-      Problems in perceiving sounds

-      Problems in understanding speech in noisy area

-      Speech and language development delay

-      Lack of confidence

-      Does not give attention

-      Does not talk too much

-      Academic problems

·       Assessment –

-      Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA)

-      Speech Audiometry

-      SISI

-      TDT (Tone Decay Test)

-      Impedance Audiometry

-      ABR

-      Reflex Audiometry

etc.

·       Management of Acquires Hearing Loss –

-      Use of Assistive listening devices

- FM system

- Infra red system

- Induction loop

                etc.

-      Hearing aids

-      Bone Conduction devices

-      Cochlear Implant (if hearing aid don’t give benefits)